2.
   2021
/   
  
[    (       )|
 : 3     :100
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.             
2.        ?    ?
 -
3.       ,       ?
4.            ?
 -
5.                ?
2.
6. 
       ?
-
7.        
  ?       
  -        
8.      -     ?  
   2021
/   
  
[    (       )|
 : 3     :100
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.             
: 
     ,  
         ' 
    ,           
,               ,
               
    ""     
;   ,   
  ,               
2.
                  
  
󷇮󷇭    ?
          ,      
         '    ,   
       
, , ,           
  ,                 
󽇐       
1.  
                    
  ,    ,        
 ,       ,        
,          
     '
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,      
2.  
                
          ,       
        ,          
  ,     '    
         :
 

   
   
        
  
2.
3.   
           
  -  
    ,        
 
      ,     
 , 
  
   '   
    
  -      
4.      
                ,
   ,      
       ,       
   
? 
           
     
 
5.      
          '       
 ,              
:
      
    
       
    
 
6.     
         
,         '   
     
          :
2.
 
 
 
            
7.       
      
         -
, ,   ,  ,     
    :
     
    
   
    
       
 
󷊆󷊇     ?
         ,      
      ,         -   
        
   , ,  ,     
       " "    " " 
  
                
󽇐        
1.     
      ,      , ,   
         
    :
-  
 
2.
   
,      -   
2.    
         '        
     ,     -   

   :
     
     
       
    
      
3.   ' 
           -   '   
    ,        '    
          
  ,         '    
4.       
                  
    ,   , ,      ' 

 
              
5.  
                     
     
2.
    :
  
 
  
,                
  
6.  
         ,         
      :
   
  
 
   ,       
           ,          
  
7.       
        
 ,      
      :
  
   
 
 ,              
8.     
                
    
2.
           ,    
  -          -    


         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼       
           ,     :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔              ,  
           
   -    
      , ,   
  
          
 ,             
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌       ?
 
.
                 :
  
   
  
      
,                  

    ,  
󷄧󼿒
                  
          
     ,    
     ,             
  
 
2.
               
 
                
 
 -      ,    ,   ,
     -          

   ,       
         ,       
  ,            
2.        ?    ?
:     :   
                  
    ,       ,     
            ,  , 
            ,  -
   
1.    ?
              
       
 
   :
o        ,   (  
,  ,  )   ,     
    
o               , 
      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :              
,          
2.     
1947     ,  ,      
    
2.
,                   
     
 ,   1948  1956     
   
 ,       :
o    (   ,  ,  )
o    ( , ,    )
o    (           )
             ,   
        
3.          
    -         
a)  
1.   :           
               

2.     :           
    
        
3.   :      ,   
      
4.   :       ,     
   
5. - :   ,      ' 
 
6.  :          
  -       ,    
) - 
1.   :             
    
2.    :          
    ,       
3.  :    ,      
      ,        
4.    :       ,      
             
4.      
2.
  :
o      (, ,  ) 
o ,         
o -      
  :
o       
o          
o -       
   1991        ,      
    
 
                
          
            
      ( , , )  - 
(, , )  
      ,        
   
 
 -
3.       ,       ?
:    ()          
                 , 
                    
           ,      
      ,   '   ,   '   ,
               -    
                 
       ,          

2.
        - 
      6  1952     ,   ,
, ,          
           
  
         
  ,       
             
           
     ,
              -  ,
               
        ,         
      ,         
 ,      
      
       
       '  
   '  
1.      
                 
      ,           
                

2.       
       ,         
  ,   
        '     
         
 
 ,              ' 
           , NDC    
      
3.      
                  
,               
   
2.
                  
    
4.      
   ,   ,           
                  
       
5.     
           NDC    
       '       '   
 -          
  , NDC   , ,         
      
       ,   NDC       
            
1.         
               
             ,  NDC 
    
     ,    ,      
        
2.       
     
 -           
    ' -           
    
  ,            
     
3.     
2.
         , , , 
                
        
4.         
       '    ,       ' 
          ,   
     ,        

5.         
                 
                 
6.       
     ,  , , , ,  
  
   ,            
                
7.     
      
, NDC        
              
  ,        ,     
    ' 
      
                  
        
1.  -   
               
              
2.     
2.
        
    , ,   
   ,            
    
3.        
               
     
      
4.        
       ,      
5.    
        -    ,  
       
     NDC              
 
      
                 
         :
         
       
       
          
   
, 2015  ,         ,  NDC   -
   ,            '  
  

           -       
,       ,     
               '   

2.
    ,        
 '        ,       
     
-       
     
       
4.            ?
:        
        
;  , ,   
              
   
            ,  
,           ' ,      
       
1.        
             
    , -      
   

 -    , ,   -       
 
:         '      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,         
2.    
         ,        
  
   ,  , - ,   
  
  ,         
    
        
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            
3.  
2.
        ,         
                
 
 ,       ,      
     
               
4.    
         
 , ,   ,    - (SMART)   
       '    
: "   -  X      20% "
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
5.     
          
-   '      ,    ,
 ,   
    ,  ,      '   
           
6.  /   
     
    ():    '     
,  ,     
  :
           , 
 ,       
 :,          
    '     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            -  
  
    --    
7.   
     ,    
2.
    ,       ,    
 
   (, , )  
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
          
8.     
         
    -     
        
         
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
9.       
           

 :      
 :    - ' 
        (  ,     ,
   )
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
 
10.    
  ,            
     ,         
 
         
 
               
      ,         
  
     :
2.
1.       
2.     
3.     
4.    
5.     
6.       
7.  
8.        
9.     
10.    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :       
 -     
        ,    
 
 -
5.                ?
: - 
   ,               

         ,        ,  ,
    ,            
       
   
     
                  
                 
             ,    ,
       '     
      '       ,   
              
       ,          

        
           
2.
      
        
     
              
     
           (LIC),    (FCI),   
  (AAI)     
             
    
             
          
1.   
                    
      
               , 
 , ,            
              
 ,      
     ,    
    
 
 :    
2.  
      '        
     
, ,            
              
   
      '  
 :          
2.
3.   
     '  '    ,      
       
          '   ,      
 ,       
 ,    
-    
 :          
4.  
      ,     

    
     ,       ,    '  
           
                 
        
 :       
5.   
        ,    
 '     

   
   ,           
        
 
 :             
6.     
  ,             
      
2.
        ,       
     
 :    
7.     
                 
 
                
  ,             
 
 :      
      
    ,           
     
1.    
      '    ,      

         , ,  ,   
       
  
            
 :        
2.       

       ,      
 

2.
     '  ,         
            


  ,                  
 
 :  '   
3.    
        ,       
     
 -   ,       ,   
    
           
 
 :      
4.   
    ,        ,     
     
,      '      
 
   
            
 :    
5.    
            
      ,          
      
    
 
2.
 :    
6.  
             
 
  ,     ,       
 
 :             
7.   
       , ,     
  
      '    ,        
  
  ,    '  
 :   ' 

             

               
    
  ,      ,   '    
 ,   ,    
         -
              
      
 
,  ,  ,         
             ,
  ,   ,     
      
2.
6. 
       ?
:   
  (1991)        |
1991   
  (NEP)         
           .      ,
   , -      , -   
          ,    
1. 
1991           : ,
   ,   
        ,   LPG  
     - ,     
2. 
      
a)  
 '     
" "   -          


          
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
) 
         
           
           
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   '        
c) 
        
     (FDI)      
,            
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           
2.
d)     
 ,           
          
          
e)     
  
     
        
 (    )     
 
    
f)   
   
         
           
g)     
      
      
    
h)    
        
-    
     
i)     
        '   
        
           
3.    
  :
 :1991          
 :         
 :            
2.
   :       
 
   :-           
4.   
        
        
         
          
,       '     
 
 
1991   
               -
,       -      ,  
,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   : NEP       
 ,  , 
   ,      '     
-
7.       
  ?       
  -        
:                  

                  
  
          ,      
    -    ,        
     ,   , ,        ,
              
 
 
                 
  
2.
     ?
   ,       
  -   ' 
 -       ,         
    ,  ,   , ,    
      
           ,   
      ,       
  
            ,    
   ,    
         , 
                 
      '  :
1.  
               
              
2.   
              ,
              
   
3.   
   '             
               

    ?
  (ST)            
     ,    "  "     ,
  -     ,    ,       
 
       ,      ' 
       :
 
2.
     
  
    
  
   ,               
        
        
 ?
       :      ,         
                 
 
            
 ,         :
 
    
   
    
   
  
     
      ,      
         
              
         '  
1.    
          
 :   ,          ST 
         
 

 
:         ,
   -           
2.
  :    -     
       
 
       
   
2.     
           ,   
   :
󷄧󼿒 :               
  
󷄧󼿒 :           - 
  
󷄧󼿒     (EMRS):           
  -      
󷄧󼿒-  :          
 -    ,            

3.     
              ,  
       
    :,        
 -      
         (TRIFED):  
     '         

   :      
    '  
         

2.
4.    
               
 ,      :
-     
 
      
    
  ,             
          ,      
        
5.        
         
    '  :
   
-      
       
       
   ,         
6.         
     -      
   (2006)          
               
   
 
     
          
7.   - (TSP)
2.
 -        
       
   '        
  '  :

 

 
-  
    ,    
          
8.      
       
     
    
 , ,      

                
    
 
    
       ,    :
     
   
  
  
  
      ,          
   
           '    - 
         
2.
     :
      
  
   
    
   
      ,         
 
 

        -          
    
     ,       
   
       -       
   -            
  -              
,                   
     ,      ,   
      ,          
8.      -     ?  
:     -   
 -  -   -  (NGOs)     
(CSOs)    -           

           ,        ,
    ,         
 ,    
1. -  
 -  -          
              
2.
     '   ,        
   , ,  ,   ,    
      ,    ' 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :  -             
    -    
2.      -      
a)      
        
            
  
 -          , ,   
        
 
: -       -    -
    
)    
 -                
              


:               
        
c)     
  ,  ,        
   
            
  
:          
)    
 -           
 
            
    
:       -   
  -     
e)        
2.
   -         '   
      
      ,      ,     

:             
       
f)      
     ,  -       -
, ,  
     ,      -     
 
g)   
 -            
  
         -   
:            
   
h)       
   -       ,  
      
  ,             
 
3.      -    
 :        
 :    ,      
      
 :      
  :   '    
 :          

4. -    
  :     '   ,     

2.
   : -       
   
   : -  (NGOs)    
 ,        
   :           

5.   
 -           :
    
     '        
    
     
 
 -           :
     ,      
        
       
 ,  ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   :  -      ,      
    ,         
"                 
 
          ,         
 "